Computer components that get heated up quickly are the CPU, Hard drive, graphics card and all integrated chips related Parts. Those parts need an adequate cooling mechanism within the computer. Cooling fans are the mostly used devices for air cooling of computer components like CPU, Chip sets, PSU, Hard drive and graphics card.
Cooling fan could be connected to the PC case, or connected to a CPU, chipset, PSU, hard drive or PCI slot. Notebook coolers are available in various sizes, that include 40, 60, 80, 92, 120, and 140 mm. Some big size fans in the range of 200mm to 240mm have began hitting the market in past few years.
The quantum of air flow generated by fans measured in cubic feet per min (CFM), and the speed of rotation of the fan is measured in revolutions per min (RPM). Fans with higher CFM rating, but produce less noise (measured in decibels) are preferred. Many fans have an adjustable RPM rating to make less noise when the computer doesn't require extra airflow.
The speed of the cooling Fan could be controlled manually, thermally, or by the computer hardware or by software. In case of laptops & notebooks, if the cooling fans aren't sufficient to cool the components, then a laptop or notebook cooler is used for cooling purposes. In this cooling is carried out by a cooling pad by active or passive cooling methods and rests below the laptop.
Active laptop cooling fans pass air or liquid to take the heat away from laptop quickly, on the other hand a passive lap cooler uses thermally conductive elements for cooling purposes. Laptop cooling fan speed can be adjusted manually or automatically on different models. On certain models, the fan runs at a set speed.
In passive laptop cooling, a thermal conductive cooling pad allows for the cooling of a laptop without using any power. Those "Pads" are loaded with an organic salt compound, that absorbs the heat from the laptop. Therefore the usage of cooling fans and cooling pads are extremely significant to maintain the temperature within the allowable range. When the heat crosses the allowable range, then it could result in a CPU or a hard drive crash resulting in a total breakdown. Mostly used home or small business systems uses fan cooling systems.
Many systems where the sound of the fans is a great hindrance come with heat sinks and convection cooling systems, where the noise produced is very negligible. Sometimes the motherboards would be totally immersed in liquid oil, which is an alternative to both cooling fans and heat sinks. Ionic wind cooling, which doesn't use any cooling fans or sinks are currently being researched by the research workers to find whether this technology could be used for cooling purposes.
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